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Study Guide. Fingerprint Identification System
1. What is the most commonly used method of personal identification system in the United States?
a. The fingerprint Identification System (FIS)
2. What are the four pieces of equipment required to record fingerprints?
a. 1 substance to transfer the print, 2 smooth surface to record the print, 3 a magnifier, 4 a fine line
3. What are some field expedient dyes?
a. Soot, charcoal, blood, cheap lipstick, ink, thin paint
4. How are the fingers numbered?
a. With the palms facing away and hands held out: left pinkie is #1, left thumb is #5, right thumb is #6, right pinkie is #l0
5. How is an extra finger numbered?
a. In sequence as it appears. A note will be made in the message, if one is transmitted.
6. How are missing fingers counted?
a. As though they were there except no impression will be made, obviously
7. When applying ink to the fingers and thumb and then the impression to the card, how are the digits rolled?
a. Fingers and thumbs roll from inside to outside – uncomfortable to comfortable.
8. What is the impression area on a finger and thumb?
a. The area from tip to the line of cleavage and from nail edge to nail edge
9. What is bifurcation?
a. The divergence of one line into two or more lines
10. What is divergence?
a. The spreading apart of two lines which have been running parallel or nearly parallel
11. What is a type line?
a. The two innermost which start parallel and spread apart and tend to surround the pattern area
12. What is the pattern area?
a. The part of the loop or whorl in which the cores, deltas and ridgelines appear
13. What is a delta?
a. It is located in front of and nearest to the center of divergent type lines
14. What is a core?
a. The innermost recurring line or segment approximately in the center of the impression
15. What are the three types of fingerprint patterns?
a. 1 Arches, 2 loops, 3 whorls
16. What is an arch?
a. Ridges enter and depart on opposite sides of the print, tending to rise slightly in the center. There are no cores or loops
17. What is a tented arch?
a. An arch with a more pronounced rise in the center
18. What is a loop?
a. Ridge lines that enter one side of the print and flow to the center, re-curving on itself and exit on the side it entered from
19. What are the two types of loops?
a. They are finger and thumb loops. They are determined by the open end of the loop. A Finger Loop opens toward the fingers and a Thumb Loop opens toward the thumb
20. How are fingerprints recorded?
a. By type and ridge count
21. What is a Ridge Count?
a. The number of times that a fine line connecting the Delta and the Core is crossed by Ridge Lines
22. How are Ridge Counts counted?
a. The first count is the Core, the last is the Delta
23. What is a Whorl?
a. A whorl is any pattern with two deltas and a core which usually revolves on itself
24. When doing a Ridge Count on a Whorl, which Delta is used?
a. The left one
25. Can you do a Ridge Count on an Arch?
a. No. It receives a count of zero 0.
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